Neoclassicism
1760–1830Return to classical order after Rococo excess. Line over color, duty over passion — until revolution broke the mold.
Smooth, invisible brushwork. Dark backgrounds, sculptural lighting. Precise drawing over coloristic effects.
Jacques-Louis David
1748–1825French
Painter of revolution and empire. The Oath of the Horatii, The Death of Marat — art as political weapon.
Smooth, hard-edged technique. Restrained palette dominated by reds, whites, and dark browns. Sculptural lighting.
Further reading: Jacques-Louis David — Anita BrooknerPigments: Vermilion · Red lead · Ochre · Lead white · Umber · Bitumen · Lamp black
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
1780–1867French
Supreme draftsman. Flesh like porcelain, line as pure as mathematics. The Grande Odalisque distorts anatomy for beauty.
Invisible brushwork — surface smooth as enamel. Cool, controlled palette. Line absolutely dominant over color.
Further reading: Ingres (Taschen Basic Art) — Karin H. GrimmePigments: Vermilion · Ochre · Lead white · Ultramarine · Cobalt blue · Madder and the red lakes · Lead-tin yellow · Gold leaf · Bone black
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