Wine by Grape

46 grapes

Each grape gives its own color in the glass: thin-skinned Pinot Noir stays a translucent ruby, while Syrah, Monastrell and Bobal turn almost black. Twenty-six reds and twenty whites, young.

Red wine takes its color from anthocyanins in the skins during maceration; white wine is pressed off its skins. Each wine is read in four zones of a tilted glass: rim, hue, core and highlight. Tones are approximated from tasting descriptions, not measured.

46 wines184 colors

Tap a wine to see its colors and notes.

TempranilloSpain · Rioja, Ribera del Duero

Tempranillo

Spain · Rioja, Ribera del Duero

Spain's great red grape. Medium-thick skins give a cherry red of medium depth, with a violet edge while young.

With moderate acidity, it moves towards garnet as it ages in barrel and bottle.

Tempranillo · rim

Tempranillo · hue

Tempranillo · core

Tempranillo · highlight

GarnachaSpain · Aragón, Navarra, Priorat; France · Rhône (Grenache)

Garnacha

Spain · Aragón, Navarra, Priorat; France · Rhône (Grenache)

Thin-skinned and rich in sugar: a lighter, warmer red with an orange tinge that appears early at the rim.

It oxidizes easily, so it turns brick sooner than other reds. The same light color makes it a classic grape for rosé.

Garnacha · rim

Garnacha · hue

Garnacha · core

Garnacha · highlight

SyrahFrance · Northern Rhône; Australia (Shiraz)

Syrah

France · Northern Rhône; Australia (Shiraz)

Thick, dark skins: an inky purple-black wine whose rim stays violet for years.

Rich in anthocyanins, the skin pigments of red grapes, it is one of the deepest-colored varieties.

Syrah · rim

Syrah · hue

Syrah · core

Syrah · highlight

Cabernet SauvignonFrance · Bordeaux (Médoc)

Cabernet Sauvignon

France · Bordeaux (Médoc)

Small berries with thick skins: a deep, dense red with a blackcurrant core and a purple-tinged rim.

Its high tannin binds the color, so it keeps its depth for many years. It is the benchmark grape for long ageing. By DNA, it is the offspring of Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc.

Cabernet Sauvignon · rim

Cabernet Sauvignon · hue

Cabernet Sauvignon · core

Cabernet Sauvignon · highlight

MerlotFrance · Bordeaux (Right Bank)

Merlot

France · Bordeaux (Right Bank)

Larger, thinner-skinned berries than Cabernet: a slightly lighter, rounder ruby.

Often blended with Cabernet Sauvignon to soften it. Its color evolves somewhat faster.

Merlot · rim

Merlot · hue

Merlot · core

Merlot · highlight

MonastrellSpain · Jumilla, Yecla, Alicante; France · Bandol (Mourvèdre)

Monastrell

Spain · Jumilla, Yecla, Alicante; France · Bandol (Mourvèdre)

A Mediterranean grape that needs heat: a very dark, purple-black wine with a violet rim.

Thick skins and a long ripening give it some of the deepest color in Spain.

Monastrell · rim

Monastrell · hue

Monastrell · core

Monastrell · highlight

MencíaSpain · Bierzo, Ribeira Sacra, Valdeorras; Portugal (Jaen)

Mencía

Spain · Bierzo, Ribeira Sacra, Valdeorras; Portugal (Jaen)

The red grape of Bierzo and Galicia: cherry to purple-red, with a violet rim while young.

Its depth changes with place and vintage: the Bierzo rules describe medium to very high intensity, from violet to red. DNA analysis recorded in the international variety catalogue (VIVC) shows it is the offspring of Alfrocheiro and Patorra.

Mencía · rim

Mencía · hue

Mencía · core

Mencía · highlight

BobalSpain · Utiel-Requena, Manchuela

Bobal

Spain · Utiel-Requena, Manchuela

The grape of Utiel-Requena, three quarters of its vineyard: intense red with violet glints.

Rich in polyphenols. The Utiel-Requena rules note that its reds for ageing change color very slowly. It also makes rosés.

Bobal · rim

Bobal · hue

Bobal · core

Bobal · highlight

GracianoSpain · Rioja; Portugal (Tinta Miúda)

Graciano

Spain · Rioja; Portugal (Tinta Miúda)

A minority grape in Rioja, about 2 % of its vineyard, with very dark blue-violet skins: intense red with violet glints.

Darker and more colorful than Tempranillo, and more acidic, it is blended with it to add color and freshness, and it ages well.

Graciano · rim

Graciano · hue

Graciano · core

Graciano · highlight

MalbecFrance · Cahors (Côt); Argentina · Mendoza

Malbec

France · Cahors (Côt); Argentina · Mendoza

Born in south-west France, where it is called Côt, and today above all a grape of Argentina: in 2019, 85 % of the country's Malbec grew in Mendoza.

DNA analysis recorded in the international variety catalogue (VIVC) shows it is the offspring of Magdeleine Noire des Charentes and Prunelard. In a 2008 study in Mendoza, berries grown at 1,500 m in full sunlight had the most anthocyanins.

Malbec · rim

Malbec · hue

Malbec · core

Malbec · highlight

NebbioloItaly · Piedmont (Barolo); Lombardy (Chiavennasca)

Nebbiolo

Italy · Piedmont (Barolo); Lombardy (Chiavennasca)

The grape of Barolo, which must be made only from Nebbiolo: strong in tannin but light in color, a well-known paradox.

Its skins hold few anthocyanins, mostly peonidin, with few of the acylated kind; studies link this to the ruby color of its wines. The Barolo rules require a garnet red when the wine is released.

Nebbiolo · rim

Nebbiolo · hue

Nebbiolo · core

Nebbiolo · highlight

SangioveseItaly · Tuscany (Montalcino, Chianti)

Sangiovese

Italy · Tuscany (Montalcino, Chianti)

The great red grape of Tuscany. Brunello di Montalcino must be made only from Sangiovese, and its rules ask for an intense ruby red tending to garnet.

Like Nebbiolo, it has a low share of acylated anthocyanins. Its parents are still debated: a 2007 DNA study proposes Ciliegiolo and Calabrese di Montenuovo, and the international variety catalogue (VIVC) records different propositions.

Sangiovese · rim

Sangiovese · hue

Sangiovese · core

Sangiovese · highlight

CarménèreFrance (origin); Chile

Carménère

France (origin); Chile

Born in France, today the grape of Chile: 10,220 hectares in 2022, about 8 % of its vineyard, according to the SAG cadastre.

A Chilean study found its skins richer in anthocyanins, and with a higher color intensity, than those of Cabernet Sauvignon (Obreque-Slier et al., 2010). In Chile it was long confused with Merlot, until the mid-1990s (Moncada and Hinrichsen, 2007).

Carménère · rim

Carménère · hue

Carménère · core

Carménère · highlight

ZinfandelUnited States · California; Italy · Puglia (Primitivo); Croatia (Crljenak Kaštelanski)

Zinfandel

United States · California; Italy · Puglia (Primitivo); Croatia (Crljenak Kaštelanski)

California's signature red grape. DNA shows it is the same variety as Italy's Primitivo and Croatia's Crljenak Kaštelanski, also recorded as Tribidrag.

The international variety catalogue (VIVC) places its origin in the Balkans. Shown here as a young red of medium-deep ruby.

Zinfandel · rim

Zinfandel · hue

Zinfandel · core

Zinfandel · highlight

PinotageSouth Africa

Pinotage

South Africa

South Africa's own grape, bred there in 1925 by A. I. Perold. DNA confirms its parents: Pinot Noir and Cinsaut.

Pinotin A, a pigment that forms in the wine from the grape's anthocyanins, was first isolated in a Pinotage (Schwarz, Jerz and Winterhalter, 2003). It is not exclusive to it.

Pinotage · rim

Pinotage · hue

Pinotage · core

Pinotage · highlight

MontepulcianoItaly · Abruzzo

Montepulciano

Italy · Abruzzo

Montepulciano d'Abruzzo must be at least 85 % Montepulciano, and 100 % in the Casauria subzone. Its rules describe it as «rosso rubino intenso con lievi sfumature violacee».

The same rules say it turns towards garnet as it ages («tendente al granato con l'invecchiamento»).

Montepulciano · rim

Montepulciano · hue

Montepulciano · core

Montepulciano · highlight

BarberaItaly · Piedmont (Asti, Alba, Monferrato)

Barbera

Italy · Piedmont (Asti, Alba, Monferrato)

Barbera d'Asti must be at least 90 % Barbera. Its rules describe it as «rosso rubino tendente al rosso granato con l'invecchiamento».

In two of its subzones, Tinella and Colli Astiani, the rules ask for a more intense ruby: «rosso rubino, intenso».

Barbera · rim

Barbera · hue

Barbera · core

Barbera · highlight

CarignanSpain (Cariñena, Mazuelo); France; Italy · Sardinia (Carignano)

Carignan

Spain (Cariñena, Mazuelo); France; Italy · Sardinia (Carignano)

Carignano del Sulcis, in Sardinia, must be at least 85 % of this grape. Its rules describe the red as «rosso rubino».

The Riserva is «rosso rubino intenso» and the Superiore «rosso rubino intenso tendente al granato», deeper and turning towards garnet.

Carignan · rim

Carignan · hue

Carignan · core

Carignan · highlight

CroatinaItaly · Lombardy (Oltrepò Pavese), Piedmont

Croatina

Italy · Lombardy (Oltrepò Pavese), Piedmont

In the Oltrepò Pavese its wine is sold as Bonarda: Bonarda dell'Oltrepò Pavese must be 85 to 100 % Croatina. Its rules describe it as «rosso rubino intenso».

The name Bonarda is also used for other grapes in other places; this is the Croatina of the Oltrepò.

Croatina · rim

Croatina · hue

Croatina · core

Croatina · highlight

Cabernet FrancFrance · Loire (Chinon, Bourgueil), Bordeaux

Cabernet Franc

France · Loire (Chinon, Bourgueil), Bordeaux

In Chinon and Bourgueil, on the Loire, it is the main grape: Cabernet Sauvignon may be at most 10 % of the vineyard. Both rules describe a red «pouvant aller du rubis sombre au grenat profond».

By DNA, it is one of the two parents of Cabernet Sauvignon.

Cabernet Franc · rim

Cabernet Franc · hue

Cabernet Franc · core

Cabernet Franc · highlight

BlaufränkischAustria; Hungary (Kékfrankos)

Blaufränkisch

Austria; Hungary (Kékfrankos)

In Hungary it is called Kékfrankos. In Sopron, a Kékfrankos «Classic» must be 90 % of this grape, and its rules say its color «a rubinvöröstől a mély gránátvörösig terjedhet».

The same rules ask for at least four days of fermentation on the skins, where the color comes from.

Blaufränkisch · rim

Blaufränkisch · hue

Blaufränkisch · core

Blaufränkisch · highlight

ZweigeltAustria · Burgenland (Neusiedlersee)

Zweigelt

Austria · Burgenland (Neusiedlersee)

The rules of the Neusiedlersee designation state that its wine «wird aus der Rebsorte Zweigelt produziert», is made from Zweigelt, and describe its color as «gedecktes kräftiges Rot».

For the Reserve, aged in wood, the same rules ask for an even deeper red: «gedecktes und sehr kräftiges Rot».

Zweigelt · rim

Zweigelt · hue

Zweigelt · core

Zweigelt · highlight

XinomavroGreece · Macedonia (Naoussa)

Xinomavro

Greece · Macedonia (Naoussa)

The Naoussa designation is given to dry red wine «από σταφύλια της ποικιλίας Ξινόμαυρο», made from Xinomavro grapes, and its rules describe «έντονο κόκκινο, ρουμπινί έως και βαθυκόκκινο χρώμα».

The same rules note brown glints as it ages: «καστανές ανταύγειες στην παλαίωση».

Xinomavro · rim

Xinomavro · hue

Xinomavro · core

Xinomavro · highlight

Fetească NeagrăRomania · Recaș, Dealu Mare, Murfatlar, Târnave

Fetească Neagră

Romania · Recaș, Dealu Mare, Murfatlar, Târnave

Romania's best-known native red grape. In the Recaș designation a wine named after its grape must be at least 85 % of it, and its rules describe Fetească Neagră as «roșu-granat»: garnet red.

The Recaș specification adds that the color is «intens, clar, strălucitor»: deep, clear and bright.

Fetească Neagră · rim

Fetească Neagră · hue

Fetească Neagră · core

Fetească Neagră · highlight

Alicante BouschetSpain; Romania · Viile Caraşului

Alicante Bouschet

Spain; Romania · Viile Caraşului

Known in Spain as Garnacha Tintorera. In the Romanian designation Viile Caraşului a wine named after its grape must be at least 85 % of it, and its rules describe Alicante Bouschet as «roşu-sângeriu, foarte intens, tinctorial»: blood red, very intense, tinting.

Henri Bouschet bred it in France in 1855 from Petit Bouschet and Grenache, a pedigree confirmed by DNA in the international catalogue of varieties (VIVC).

Alicante Bouschet · rim

Alicante Bouschet · hue

Alicante Bouschet · core

Alicante Bouschet · highlight

Pinot NoirFrance · Burgundy

Pinot Noir

France · Burgundy

Thin skins and few pigments: the palest of the great reds, a translucent ruby you can see through.

It has few anthocyanins and, unlike almost every other red grape, none of the acylated kind, the most stable: that is why its wines stay light.

Pinot Noir · rim

Pinot Noir · hue

Pinot Noir · core

Pinot Noir · highlight

VerdejoSpain · Rueda

Verdejo

Spain · Rueda

Rueda's white grape: pale straw yellow with green glints.

White wine is pressed off its skins, so its color is faint. The green glints of a young Verdejo fade towards gold with age.

Verdejo · rim

Verdejo · hue

Verdejo · core

Verdejo · highlight

AlbariñoSpain · Rías Baixas; Portugal (Alvarinho)

Albariño

Spain · Rías Baixas; Portugal (Alvarinho)

The white grape of Rías Baixas: straw yellow with golden or green tints, clean and bright.

The Rías Baixas rules describe its barrel-aged version as golden yellow. A note on its birthplace: Galician Albariño and Portuguese Alvarinho are the same grape, on either bank of the Miño (Minho), from Rías Baixas to Monção e Melgaço. Both banks feel it is theirs, and the international variety catalogue (VIVC) lists it as Portuguese. We take no side: what matters here is its color, which is the same on both sides of the river.

Albariño · rim

Albariño · hue

Albariño · core

Albariño · highlight

GodelloSpain · Valdeorras, Bierzo

Godello

Spain · Valdeorras, Bierzo

The white grape of Valdeorras: pale yellow with green hints.

With barrel ageing it takes on ochre or golden tones, according to the Valdeorras rules.

Godello · rim

Godello · hue

Godello · core

Godello · highlight

RieslingGermany

Riesling

Germany

The signature white grape of Germany, almost a quarter of its vineyard in 2025.

DNA analysis recorded in VIVC confirms one of its parents, Heunisch Weiss (Gouais Blanc); the other is unknown. Like most whites, it starts pale and deepens towards gold with age.

Riesling · rim

Riesling · hue

Riesling · core

Riesling · highlight

Sauvignon BlancFrance; also called Fumé Blanc

Sauvignon Blanc

France; also called Fumé Blanc

A French white grape, also known as Fumé Blanc, that usually gives pale wines.

DNA analysis recorded in VIVC shows it is a parent of Cabernet Sauvignon, together with Cabernet Franc.

Sauvignon Blanc · rim

Sauvignon Blanc · hue

Sauvignon Blanc · core

Sauvignon Blanc · highlight

Chenin BlancFrance · Loire (Pineau de la Loire); South Africa

Chenin Blanc

France · Loire (Pineau de la Loire); South Africa

The white grape of the Loire, where it is also called Pineau de la Loire. In Vouvray it is the main grape, for still, sparkling and semi-sparkling wines.

DNA shows that one of its parents is Savagnin, also called Traminer; the other is unknown. Shown here as a young dry white.

Chenin Blanc · rim

Chenin Blanc · hue

Chenin Blanc · core

Chenin Blanc · highlight

TrebbianoItaly · Abruzzo, Tuscany; France (Ugni Blanc)

Trebbiano

Italy · Abruzzo, Tuscany; France (Ugni Blanc)

Trebbiano d'Abruzzo must be at least 85 % Trebbiano abruzzese, Trebbiano toscano or both. Its rules describe it as «giallo paglierino più o meno intenso».

For the Riserva of the Terre di Chieti subzone the rules widen the range «da giallo paglierino a dorato», from straw to gold.

Trebbiano · rim

Trebbiano · hue

Trebbiano · core

Trebbiano · highlight

AssyrtikoGreece · Santorini

Assyrtiko

Greece · Santorini

The dry white of the Santorini designation must be at least 85 % Assyrtiko; the rest is Aidani and Athiri. Its rules describe a «bright greenish yellow colour».

Shown here as a young dry white.

Assyrtiko · rim

Assyrtiko · hue

Assyrtiko · core

Assyrtiko · highlight

AligotéFrance · Burgundy

Aligoté

France · Burgundy

Bourgogne Aligoté must be made only from Aligoté. Its rules describe wines with a «robe à nets reflets verts»: clear green glints.

Shown here as a young dry white.

Aligoté · rim

Aligoté · hue

Aligoté · core

Aligoté · highlight

Pinot GrisFrance · Alsace; Italy · delle Venezie, Alto Adige (Pinot Grigio)

Pinot Gris

France · Alsace; Italy · delle Venezie, Alto Adige (Pinot Grigio)

A grape with greyish-pink skins: by DNA, a mutation of Pinot Noir. The Pinot Grigio delle Venezie must be at least 85 % of it, and its rules allow a color «dal giallo paglierino al giallo dorato o rosato o ramato».

The same rules name a rosato and a ramato, copper, version of the wine. Shown here between straw and copper.

Pinot Gris · rim

Pinot Gris · hue

Pinot Gris · core

Pinot Gris · highlight

Pinot BlancFrance · Alsace; Italy · Alto Adige (Pinot Bianco); Germany (Weißburgunder)

Pinot Blanc

France · Alsace; Italy · Alto Adige (Pinot Bianco); Germany (Weißburgunder)

In Alto Adige a wine named after its grape must be at least 85 % of it. For Pinot Bianco the rules describe «giallo paglierino tendente al verdognolo».

The international catalogue of varieties (VIVC) records it as a mutation of Pinot Noir.

Pinot Blanc · rim

Pinot Blanc · hue

Pinot Blanc · core

Pinot Blanc · highlight

Müller-ThurgauGermany (Rivaner); Italy · Alto Adige, Trentino

Müller-Thurgau

Germany (Rivaner); Italy · Alto Adige, Trentino

Bred in 1883 by Hermann Müller, from Riesling. In Alto Adige it must be at least 85 % of the wine, and its rules describe «giallo paglierino tendente al verdognolo».

Its breeder thought he had crossed Riesling and Silvaner; DNA showed the second parent is Madeleine Royale.

Müller-Thurgau · rim

Müller-Thurgau · hue

Müller-Thurgau · core

Müller-Thurgau · highlight

SilvanerGermany · Franken, Rheinhessen; Italy · Alto Adige (Sylvaner); France · Alsace

Silvaner

Germany · Franken, Rheinhessen; Italy · Alto Adige (Sylvaner); France · Alsace

In Alto Adige, a Sylvaner must be at least 85 % of this grape, and its rules describe «giallo paglierino tendente al verdognolo».

By DNA, it is the offspring of Traminer and Österreichisch Weiss; the international catalogue (VIVC) places its origin in Austria.

Silvaner · rim

Silvaner · hue

Silvaner · core

Silvaner · highlight

KernerGermany; Italy · Alto Adige (Valle Isarco)

Kerner

Germany; Italy · Alto Adige (Valle Isarco)

In Alto Adige, a Kerner must be at least 85 % of this grape. Its rules describe «giallo paglierino con riflessi verdognoli».

Shown here as a young dry white.

Kerner · rim

Kerner · hue

Kerner · core

Kerner · highlight

Fetească RegalăRomania · Recaș, Dealu Mare, Târnave, Iași

Fetească Regală

Romania · Recaș, Dealu Mare, Târnave, Iași

In the Recaș designation a wine named after its grape must be at least 85 % of it. For Fetească Regală its rules describe «galben-limonie, cu nuanţe verzui»: lemon yellow with green hints.

By DNA, it is the offspring of Fetească Albă and Francuse, according to the international catalogue of varieties (VIVC).

Fetească Regală · rim

Fetească Regală · hue

Fetească Regală · core

Fetească Regală · highlight

Fetească AlbăRomania · Recaș, Cotnari, Iași, Târnave

Fetească Albă

Romania · Recaș, Cotnari, Iași, Târnave

In the Recaș designation a wine named after its grape must be at least 85 % of it. For Fetească Albă its rules describe «culoarea galben-pai, cu reflexii verzui»: straw yellow with green glints.

The international catalogue of varieties (VIVC) places its origin in Romania.

Fetească Albă · rim

Fetească Albă · hue

Fetească Albă · core

Fetească Albă · highlight

Muscat OttonelRomania · Recaș, Dealu Mare, Murfatlar; Hungary · Badacsony

Muscat Ottonel

Romania · Recaș, Dealu Mare, Murfatlar; Hungary · Badacsony

A delicately scented muscat. In the Recaș designation a wine named after its grape must be at least 85 % of it, and its rules describe Muscat Ottonel as «galben-pai»: straw yellow.

By DNA, its parents are Muscat d'Eisenstadt and Chasselas; the international catalogue of varieties (VIVC) places its origin in France.

Muscat Ottonel · rim

Muscat Ottonel · hue

Muscat Ottonel · core

Muscat Ottonel · highlight

FurmintHungary · Tokaj, Somló; Slovakia · Tokaj

Furmint

Hungary · Tokaj, Somló; Slovakia · Tokaj

The great grape of Tokaj, a wine region shared by Hungary and Slovakia. On the Slovak side, a Tokajský Furmint may carry at most 15 % of other permitted grapes, and its rules describe «bledozelená až bledožltá, zlatistá»: pale green to pale yellow, golden.

Shown here as a young dry white. By DNA, its parents are Alba Imputotato and Heunisch Weiss, according to the international catalogue of varieties (VIVC).

Furmint · rim

Furmint · hue

Furmint · core

Furmint · highlight

WelschrieslingHungary · Balaton (Csopak, Badacsony)

Welschriesling

Hungary · Balaton (Csopak, Badacsony)

Called Olaszrizling in Hungary. The Csopak designation, on Lake Balaton, admits only Olaszrizling and Furmint, with at most 15 % Furmint, and its rules describe a color «a halvány zöldessárgától a szalmasárgáig»: from pale greenish yellow to straw.

The international catalogue of varieties (VIVC) records Coccalona Nera as one of its parents and places its origin in Italy.

Welschriesling · rim

Welschriesling · hue

Welschriesling · core

Welschriesling · highlight

ChardonnayFrance · Burgundy, Champagne; grown worldwide

Chardonnay

France · Burgundy, Champagne; grown worldwide

One of the most widely planted white grapes. Shown here barrel-fermented, in golden yellow.

Unoaked Chardonnay is paler, closer to Verdejo. Barrel ageing takes it towards gold.

Chardonnay · rim

Chardonnay · hue

Chardonnay · core

Chardonnay · highlight

Designations of origin, traditional terms, grape varieties and regions are named here to describe the color of each wine. This content is independent: no winery or regulatory council has sponsored or reviewed it.